Frequently Asked Questions
Why does Kerala have so many theatre forms?
Kerala’s unusual density of classical theatre forms — over 12 major traditions — results from several historical factors: the patronage of temple institutions (which funded Kutiyattam, Mudiyettu, and Krishnanattam for centuries); the geographical isolation of different regions (allowing distinct local forms to develop); royal courts like the Zamorins of Calicut and rulers of Travancore who sponsored art forms; and a caste system that created separate performance traditions for different communities.
What is the difference between Kathakali and Theyyam?
Kathakali is a classical court-based dance-drama that tells stories from Hindu epics through trained performers using elaborate makeup, costumes, and codified movement vocabulary. It is performed for audiences who appreciate its artistic sophistication. Theyyam is a ritual possession tradition in which a performer becomes a deity, performed at community shrines for devotional purposes. Kathakali is art; Theyyam is religion — though both use costume, makeup, and movement.
What are Kerala’s UNESCO-recognized performing arts?
Kerala has two UNESCO-recognized performing traditions. Kutiyattam was inscribed in 2001 as the world’s oldest living theatre tradition. Chhau (which has a Kerala connection through martial arts traditions) was inscribed in 2010. Koodalmanikyam temple in Irinjalakuda is the primary venue for traditional Kutiyattam. Kerala’s Mudiyettu ritual theatre is also on UNESCO’s list as Intangible Cultural Heritage.
When is the best time to visit Kerala for theatre?
The best season is October to March. Theyyam season runs October to May in Kannur and Kasaragod. Kathakali performances are held year-round in Kochi, Thrissur, and Thiruvananthapuram. Onam (August-September) features Thiruvathirakali and Pulikali performances. The Thrissur Pooram festival (April-May) is the largest temple festival and includes music and performance. Natana Kairali’s open rehearsals are available year-round in Irinjalakuda.
What is Mudiyettu?
Mudiyettu is a ritual theatre form from Kerala performed exclusively in Bhagavathy temples in Ernakulam and Thrissur districts. It enacts the mythological story of the goddess Kali slaying the demon Darika. A complex ritual preparation lasting several days precedes the performance, which itself lasts all night. It is performed only by specific caste communities and was inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2010.